Cardiac Electrophysiology

Cardiac electrophysiology is a specialized branch of cardiology focused on diagnosing and treating disorders related to the heart’s electrical system, which controls the heart’s rhythm. Electrophysiologists (EPs) are cardiologists who specialize in managing abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) and use advanced diagnostic tests and minimally invasive procedures to restore normal heart function. Their work is crucial in preventing complications related to irregular heartbeats, such as stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest.

Common Conditions Treated

Electrophysiologists treat a wide range of arrhythmias and related conditions, including:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AFib): An irregular and often rapid heart rhythm that can lead to blood clots, stroke, and heart failure.
  • Atrial flutter: A similar but more organized abnormal rhythm of the heart.
  • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): A rapid heart rate originating above the heart’s ventricles.
  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT): A fast, dangerous heart rhythm originating in the lower chambers of the heart.
  • Bradycardia: Abnormally slow heart rhythms that may require a pacemaker.
  • Heart block: A condition where electrical signals are partially or completely blocked as they travel through the heart.
  • Syncope: Unexplained fainting, which can be linked to abnormal heart rhythms.
  • Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA): Where the heart suddenly stops due to an electrical malfunction.

Common Treatments and Procedures Performed

Electrophysiologists use advanced techniques and minimally invasive procedures to diagnose and treat arrhythmias. Common procedures include:

  • Electrophysiology Study (EPS): A diagnostic test that maps the electrical activity of the heart to pinpoint abnormal rhythms.
  • Catheter Ablation: A minimally invasive procedure that uses radiofrequency energy or cryotherapy to destroy small areas of heart tissue causing abnormal rhythms, effectively treating conditions like AFib, SVT, or VT.
  • Pacemaker Implantation: A small device implanted under the skin that helps regulate slow heartbeats.
  • Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD): A device implanted to monitor heart rhythms and deliver an electric shock if life-threatening arrhythmias occur, preventing sudden cardiac arrest.
  • Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT): A specialized pacemaker used to treat heart failure by coordinating the beating of the heart’s chambers.
  • Loop Recorder Implantation: A small device placed under the skin to continuously monitor heart rhythms for extended periods, useful in diagnosing intermittent arrhythmias.
  • Cardioversion: A procedure that uses electric shocks or medications to reset the heart’s rhythm, often used for AFib or atrial flutter.

When to See a Cardiac Electrophysiologist

You should consider seeing an electrophysiologist if you experience symptoms of irregular heartbeats or have been diagnosed with an arrhythmia. Common symptoms and conditions prompting a visit include:

  • Palpitations or a racing heart
  • Dizziness, fainting, or lightheadedness
  • Unexplained fatigue or shortness of breath
  • Episodes of chest pain or discomfort
  • A history of fainting or unexplained falls
  • Diagnosis of conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib), ventricular tachycardia, or bradycardia (slow heart rate)
  • If you’ve had a stroke without a clear cause
  • Family history of sudden cardiac death or arrhythmias

Early evaluation by an electrophysiologist is crucial if you have any of these symptoms or conditions, as proper treatment can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications.

Benefits

Electrophysiologists play a critical role in improving patient outcomes by accurately diagnosing and effectively treating arrhythmias. Their expertise in managing heart rhythms not only reduces symptoms like palpitations and dizziness but also helps prevent life-threatening events such as stroke or sudden cardiac arrest. For many patients, procedures performed by electrophysiologists restore normal heart function and significantly improve quality of life.

Cardiac electrophysiology offers advanced, life-saving treatments that ensure optimal heart rhythm and overall heart health.